Case Note for RvR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case Note for RvR - Essay Example t could establish â€Å"unlawful sexual intercourse†, as characterized under Section 1(1) of the Sexual Offenses Act of 1956 (4) The wife’s conjugal agree to intercourse had not been denied, either by a Court request or by an understanding between the gatherings. Subsequently, the inquiry that emerged in these conditions was whether, in spite of her refusal to assent, the spouse could have been held to have agreed by the reality of the marriage. 4. The preliminary judge’s headings to the Jury expressed that there had all the earmarks of being plentiful grounds to show that agree to sex had been pulled back by an understanding between the gatherings. Right off the bat, the gatherings were not living together. Furthermore, the husband’s demonstration in calling his significant other and revealing to her he proposed to see about a separation comprised understood assent. On this premise, the arraignment could demonstrate a charge of assault or endeavored assault against the spouse. 5. The principal certainty isn't material to the contested issue of assault. The subsequent reality, i.e, respondent had referenced his aim to look for a separation, is an important and material actuality, since it disavows by inferred shared understanding, the agree to sex that is forced by marriage and spelt out under Hale’s custom-based law rule. Subsequently, it builds up that the husband’s demonstration established assault. It additionally builds up that he isn't qualified for invulnerability under Hale’s rule. The third actuality is likewise material and important, in light of the fact that it builds up the second ground of real ambush. 6. The conjugal exclusion itself alludes to the custom-based law rule wherein upon marriage, a supposition that is made that the spouse agrees to sex with her significant other. This assumption may anyway be countered by proof that the spouse didn't truth be told, assent. To implement this reply, a few special cases have been set up, when a spouse can say no, for example, when her wellbeing is in harm's way or when the man’s activities establish attack. These and different special cases have been spelt out by case point of reference

What is a modern American woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What is a cutting edge American lady - Essay Example American lady today wants to make enhancements throughout her life as demonstrated by the female character Lain Wigand in The Insider. The character draws out the ideas of being autonomous, receptive, steady and knowledge. Free is state by which one gets the capacity to settle on choice without impact from any individual. Ladies in the cutting edge America need to manage issues influencing their lives without impact from others. A large portion of the ladies in the books referenced are portrayed as free individuals. For example, Liane settled on her own choice to remain in marriage with Wigand (Lowell 85). She remained with her significant other during trouble and she couldn't have cared less what her folks or others may state about the marriage. At the point when issues gathered, and she was unable to withstand, she decided to stop the marriage. Her significant other had gone to affirm in an official courtroom (Henrik 36). The spouse doesn't impact her to keep remaining in the marriage when she thought it was wrong to keep remaining in that marriage. Wigand’s girl additionally speaks to the qualities of the American lady today. At the point when she learns of certain strides during the night, s he advises her dad right away. This shows she chooses autonomously on what to manage without talking with. She comprehends that to illuminate her dad is the correct advance to take when there are uncommon occasions that are occurring at home. A strong individual is one who offers fundamental assistance to the destitute. For instance, individuals experiencing Aids need a lot of help from their relatives since the greater part of them can't deal with all obligations. The relatives who offer this sort of help are strong (Lowell 86). Lain Wigand In The Insider mostly fits and somewhat neglects to fit in the cutting edge American ladies. At the point when the youngsters experience the ill effects of asthma, she underpins them

Romeo and Juliet speaking and listening

Shakespeare's method of composing paralyzed numerous individuals for a considerable length of time and still right up 'til the present time; we haven't completely gotten a handle on how incredible and how critical his composing style is. Numerous chiefs have jumped upon Shakespeare's plays to change over his greatness into a visual point of view that mishandles all procedures invoked by the extraordinary man himself. The corridor is brimming with individuals in their ensembles, tasting their beverages eagerly and mingling; the temperament is out of nowhere broken by a boisterous voice, ‘silence! ‘ individuals quickly carry their conversing with a stop and gaze upward in regard. Capulet, Juliet and different individuals from the house are roosted on an overhang looking down on the visitors underneath to show predominance while likewise remaining in a pyramid arrangement with Capulet at the front as I need show a chain of importance of intensity inside the Capulet's. When Capulet keeps on speaking I need the camera to flick from the group to his howling mouth to catch the power he applies to his voice, Capulet should stand very up-directly with his head held high and fastened hand's behind his back to depict his formal and taught nature. Part of the way through, Capulet's invite discourse is hindered by the music beginning to play followed by the moving of the group because of the consolation of the music, now the camera should flick to a fowls eye-perspective on the visitors then to a since quite a while ago shot of the corridor to catch the fervor. Capulet's annoyance works as he attempt's to reestablish request without progression, then Juliet and different individuals cover their countenances in their grasp at the entire trial, at long last Capulet surrenders and tempests back to join the group alongside the camera intently following behind his shoulders, his little fit of rage triggers a wave of chuckling all through the placated visitors, the other Capulet's before long go with the same pattern. After a couple of cut scenes of the visitor's moving; the camera flicks to Romeo swimming his way through the group like a lost pup, tensely moving and portraying how he is an untouchable to these individuals however is halted abruptly as he first lays eyes upon Juliet through a dainty, permeable, red drape. The red emblematically speaking to energy and love and with it being in the middle of them; shows that it's making association between them. His shoulders unwind, his eyes flicker perpetually and his tension leaves as he just stands there and watches while moderate and sentimental music plays all through the lobby, the camera at that point goes into an over the shoulder shot of Juliet on the opposite side of the red drapery indicating her tinkering with a ring, at that point to gaze upward and see Romeo gradually strolling towards her, for a concise second she becomes flushed and how about we out a long unsteady breath. She at that point dismisses and strolls demonstrating that she isn't excessively simple; Romeo at that point follows her like a pooch on heat, Juliet zigzags all around individuals and places obstructions in the middle of her and Romeo to prod and test him to gauge on the off chance that he is commendable or not, then the camera follows and centers around them from a since quite a while ago shot as they move and talk. At last she quits prodding him and he approaches her for a move, she ripples her eye lashes and hesitantly acknowledges as she grasps his hand and the two of them gradually move under diminish shine of the lobby. After a couple of short shots of both of them moving the camera changes to a shot that is filled by dim eyes and forehead; the visitors including Romeo can be found in the impression of his eyes, following a couple of second's the eyebrows gradually transform into a profound glare without further ado followed by a profound and irritated voice as he lets out words to Capulet; requesting agree to create mischief with Romeo. The camera zooms out rapidly to show the entire of Tybalt in a beautiful and smooth tuxedo alongside finely cleaned shoes, the side of the lobby where he is arranged is darker rather than its happy environmental factors; this is to promptly suggest that this man is the underhanded one as that is the representative thought of obscurity. At that point I need the camera to concentrate on a light very close, with Tybalt and Capulet obscured out of sight, the fire should flash when Tybalt talks fiercely to show that he is nearly associating with underhandedness and his displeasure is being communicated through the fire; further indicating his insidiousness. Capulet is joyfully applauding to the music and telling Tybalt in a firm voice, to limit himself and disregard the Montague, to not destroy this incredible day, Tybalt storms off back upstairs abandoning solid snort of disappointment to the inadequacy of making a battle with the foe Montague, as he leaves, I need the camera to return to the light and as the shadow that is Tybalt gradually leaves; the glinting fire additionally gradually dies down to a still. After Romeo and Juliet's move, they plunk down on a close by red couch, Yet again red representing a profound association of enthusiasm. They converse with one another impractically with the camera revolving around them gradually; Romeo at that point grasps Juliet's hand and talks in an exceptionally smooth and delicate voice. Juliet then inclines nearer to his face and the two of them kiss while agreeable music plays all through the corridor, as they kiss, the camera obscures out the various individuals around them so just Romeo and Juliet are obviously introduced in the shot and how they are so reveled and absent to their general surroundings.

The Impact Of Fdi On European Economic Development - Free Essay Example

INTRODUCTION The functioning of a market economy under the conditions required by efficiency demands important financial resources, whose allocation must be directed to those areas which in their turn can generate value added and resume the active process of creating added value. If for a company the investment are realised mainly from classical sources, respectively the depreciation fund, profit or issuance of new shares, but with the risk of the dispersion of the proprietary right on business, to which we can add the financing of bank loans, a fairly expensive solution for a company in search of activity diversification. Based on these considerations, the need to review the role and function of investment funds and FDI in the economy, in the reorientation and begining of the investment process is one of utmost importance. Considering the last events that marked the world economy, from which the foreign investment funds, be they even FDI, to which we can add the stock innovation were among the main determinants of the process of translating the investment flows. Though investment funds in the conventional, manifesting as traditional investors, with a pronounced classical character, buying or selling financial instruments, stocks, bonds or other financial instruments or developing new production capacities, in their action they determine a significant impact on the economic activity outlining some features of the economic environment within which they occur. For countries like Romania, for example, or Serbia, this process is actual, but difficult to achieve because it needed more than financial resources. From this point of view à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Inadequate progress in second-generation reforms provides explanation in variation of FDI inflows. A number of empirical studies focusing on transition eco nomies have corroborated this finding. Garibaldi et al. (2002) have shown, that the quality of institutions explains the variation in FDI flows to transition economies. [1, p.11] The sustenable economic development requires the existence of a set of tools and specific mechanisms through which the financial resources necessary to achieve this goal must be mobilized but especially they must contribute to an efficient redistribution of financial resources in the process of social breeding. The only one able to achieve this requirements are the investments, which succeed through mobilizing the available capital to restart the complex process of production of plusvalue. Directing the financial resources, in the economic policy, to those economic objectives able to develop in their turn a growth of the rate of employment of labor requires a new governance in terms of investments, whose key source should be profit, fund depreciation or GDP, at the economic level. As known, sometimes financial resources available to the national economy are not sufficient to promote massive actions, attracting new finance being required, in addition to foreign capital markets. These completion investments, although they are not quite common in many of the emerging countries, they use them. On the other hand we are witnessing independent investment flows, directed either to initiating new production capacity or upgrading existing ones, promoted by global financial players that make up the foreign investment flows. As it is stated in one of the european documents The fact that the market has failed in the financial sector does not mean that it does not work at all, but points out the need to avoid, namely to correct the wrong market developments, through legislative measures and of targeted surveillance. Therefore, the new policy must be built on the foundation of a market economy, which stimulates and rewards their initiatives and risk taking. [10, pct.3.4]. So the financial r esources attracted through foreign investments should be targeted at those areas that present a high reproductive capacity, either by the recognized degree of generating profits or by the significant beneficial efects that they have on the workforce. FDI should ensure a high degree of efficiency, both for the investor who chooses to invest and must be rewarded by high rates of profit, and for the country within which is achieved by increasing the resources mobilized through tax mechanisms, the state budget, and the remuneration for labor involved in achieving the resulting business. Literature review The analysis of the role of FDI in the economy was made in a number of important studies. From these we mention (Serbu, 2006) which claims that promoting FDI is not always in favor of countries that receive these flows, analyzed at least in terms of qualification of employment and not contribute to economic growth, so the role of FDI is questioned. On the other hand ÃÆ'–ZTÃÆ'Å“RK, Ilhan (2007) argues the opposite, namely that the role of FDI in economic growth is major and decisive, which is achieved through multiple channels such as gross capital formation, technology transfer and effects on human capital. In another study[6], Ben Ferretti (2004) explores the relationship between FDI and productivity growth and concludes, after making a brief analysis of the theoretical models, in terms of game-theoretical models, that this is determined by the spatiality and the intensity of FDI flows on economy and economic agents in particular [4]. The same ideas has Damjan Joze et all (2003) which explores the role of accumulation of FDI and R D on technology transfer and their effect on economies in transition [3] or Hunya, Gabor (2002) which analyzes economic restructuring phenomena from FDI perspectives on manufacturing industry.[5] The analysis Market Integration from Foreign Direct Investment intensity perspective Foreign direct investments consist of significant vectors in achieving economic and social objectives, in the context of diversification of society needs in satisfying the goals promoted at the macroeconomic level. The need for financial resources is an ever growing from year to year and the financial resources attracted from the foreign capital market is a solution to achieve these goals. From this perspective each stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to attract these resources depends to a very high measure on the degree of integration of national markets in the total investment flows but also on the degree of atraction of each state. In this context the analysis of foreign direct investment in the community economy is of special importance. Referring to GDP make these data to show a high relevance through removing the national economiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ dimension outlined by each state. These data are presented in the table below. Table no.1 Market Integration Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) intensity Average value of inward and outward FDI flows divided by GDP %  2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 EU-27 NA NA NA NA 0,9 1,7 2,3 3,8 2,2 Belgium NA NA 5,6 11,5 10,7 8,9 13,7 24,5 22,1 Bulgaria 4 2,6 2 5,3 6,5 7,8 12,6 15,2 10,3 Czech Rep. 4,5 4,7 5,8 1,3 2,7 4,7 2,4 3,5 2,9 Denmark 20,1 6,9 3,2 -0,7 NA 5,6 2 5,2 2,4 Germany 6,7 1,7 1,8 0,8 0,2 2,2 3,2 3,5 2,4 Estonia 4 5,9 2,9 5,5 5,1 12,8 8,7 10,5 6,3 Ireland 16,1 6,6 15,3 9 2 -4,3 2,2 8,8 -1,2 Spain 8,4 5 5,2 3,1 4,1 3 5,5 7,2 4,7 France 8,2 5,5 3,4 2,7 2,2 4,7 4 5,3 5,2 Italy 1,2 1,6 1,3 0,8 1 1,7 2,2 3,1 1,3 Cyprus 5,5 6,2 7,5 5,5 5,6 5,1 7,4 7,9 15,6 Latvia 2,7 0,9 1,4 1,6 2,7 2,6 4,6 4,7 2,2 Lithuania 1,7 1,9 2,6 0,6 2,3 2,6 3,5 3,3 2,3 Hungary 2,3 4 2,4 2,3 2,7 4,5 5 3,4 1,7 Netherlands 18,1 12,8 6,5 6 2,8 14,1 5,4 9,2 0,7 Austria 3,8 2,4 1,5 2,8 2,1 3,8 3,4 9,5 5,2 Poland 2,7 1,5 1,1 1,2 2,7 2,3 4,2 3,4 1,6 Portugal 6,6 5,4 0,6 4,4 2,6 1,6 4,6 1,9 1,2 Romania 1,4 1,4 1,3 NA NA 3,3 4,8 3 3,5 Slovakia 5,3 3,7 7,8 3,6 3,6 2,7 4,6 2,8 1,9 Finland 13,5 4,8 5,7 0,3 0,5 2,3 3 4 -0,7 Sweden 13 4,1 4,5 4,2 3,4 5 6,5 7 7,2 U.K 11,9 3,8 2,3 2,1 3,3 5,6 5 9 4,7 Croatia 2,5 3,3 3 3,2 1,7 2,2 3,6 4,4 NA Turkey NA NA 0,3 0,4 0,5 1,2 2 1,9 NA Norway 4,7 0,7 1,2 1,8 1,5 3,8 3,8 2,2 NA Switzerland 12,8 5,3 2,6 4,9 3,7 6,7 13,6 11,4 NA USA 2,3 1,4 1 0,8 1,7 0,3 1,5 NA NA Japan 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 1,1 NA Source: author`s own selection based on Eurostat database, available at: https://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table, accessed on: 27.01.2010 As seen from the data presented above, there is a syncopated evolution of investment flows, both in integrated economies in the economic space, but also for those who want integration (Croatia and Turkey) and especially the most developed economies (USA and Japan). At the EU level we can see an increase in the intensity of FDI during 2004-2007, from 0.9 in 2004 to 3.8 in 2007, meaning an increase of 4.2 times. This growth rate was a syncopated one which means that the european economy has been trained in the massive wave of investment and capital flows with relatively high degree of risk, which resulted that since 2008 this indicator decreased by 1.7 times compared to last year. In the case of member countries we can see a different evolution. If in the case of the last two countries that joined the EU in 2007 we may find a slight improvement, as is the case of Romania, this indicator increased from 3% to 3.5%, a low level compared to 2006 when this indicator recorded 4.8% when the interest of foreign investors was much higher than the economy, or maybe they were just strengthening their investment positions by purchasing generators of economic value added or Bulgaria, which after membership is growing at 12.6% in 2006 to 15.2% in 2007, the next year it registers a 10.3 drop. This situation can result from the inability to pay on which is encumbered the whole bulgarian economy. For the european countries which were old members, this indicator presents a high volatility. After register significant levels of 6.7% as in the case of Germany in 2000 it reaches in 20 08 at a value of only 2.4%. Such is the case of France which in 2000 recorded 8.2% and eight years later only 5.2%. These developments are mainly due to the shaken european economic environment, where the investors are orienting and reorienting the capitals according to high profit rates than to business stability. For Serbia, a non-EU country assets owned by foreign entities in Serbia are growing in nominal values. But if we look at share of foreign owned assets in total financial institutions, we may observe that there has been a decrease of 0.2% from 84.3% to 84.1%, despite the entry of 13 new fully foreign owned institutions during the analyzed period. This confirms that financial institutions owned by domestic entities are operating even better than the foreign owned ones. Since we know that before the restructuring of the financial sector in Serbia most banks and insurance companies have operated with significant loss, we may conclude that that remaining domestic owned inst itution have significantly changed their business culture.[8] Regarding the U.S., the evolution of this indicator for 2000-2006, reflects the difficult moments that this countrys economy has passed. If in 2005 this indicator recorded the lowest level of the period analysed, of only 0.3% (more than up to 5 times compared to 2001), one year later to grow by 500%, due to the trust granted in the economic development through FDI. For the Japanese economy the evolution of this indicator is ranging at around 0.4-0.5%, which means the sustainability of investments supported through these instruments, especially the economy of this country design was based more on capital exports to third countries than absorption of this type of capital in its economy. But 2007 brings a doubling of the level of this indicator actually marking the shift towards exporting the capital investment to emerging economies, in particular. In one of the UNCTAD documents it is shown that The ISD explosion in so me developing economies in transition reflects the growing competitiveness of many firms in these economies. The evolution of ISD in some countries was partialy feed by the income from exports of manufactured goods and natural resources, which have increased the financial strength necessary to engage in investment from abroad. Perhaps most important is that the firms in these economies have been increasingly affected by global competition. They came to understand how important it is the entering on international markets and connect to global production systems and knowledge networks. Therefore, their view of the business was internationalized and ambitions and their concerns are more regional or global.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?.[9]. Over time many countries have became sources of financing through FDI as a solution generating of resources or partners to enhance or start some income-generating activities. The stock of FDI is an important element in the analysis of investment flows in the european economy against the background of increased interdependencies among these economies. In the table nr.2 is presented the FDI stock in some european countries but also for the two biggest economies of the world USA, respectively Japan. Table no.2 Direct investment stocks as % of GDP, Direct investment, in the reporting economy (% of GDP)  2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 EU-27 NA NA NA NA 15,2 16,6 17,3 19 19,4 Bulgaria 5,2 20,6 22,5 27,9 37,3 53,6 70,6 92,9 96,5 Czech Rep. 38,6 47,4 45 43,5 47,6 51,3 53,3 59,9 53,9 Denmark 41,3 42,5 38,1 37,3 43,4 47,6 46,4 48,4 45,9 Germany 24,5 22,8 23,9 25,1 24,2 24,2 26,1 26,1 27,3 Ireland 123,7 130,1 133,9 126,2 102,2 85,5 67,2 72,9 66,5 Greece NA 10,5 9,5 10,3 11,3 12,7 14,3 15,6 11,5 Spain 26,7 29,5 33,6 34,3 34,6 35,9 35,6 37,9 41,5 France 19,4 22,4 23,7 26,7 29,2 32,4 34,5 36 37,1 Italy 10,2 9,8 9,3 10,7 11,6 13,3 15,1 16 15,5 Latvia 26,1 28,6 26,9 26,4 30 32,3 35,8 35,7 34,8 Lithuania 20,3 21,9 25,4 24,1 25,8 33,2 34,9 36 28,4 Hungary NA 52,3 48,7 44,8 55,5 59 69,5 67 57,2 Austria 15,8 18,3 19 19,1 NA 24,2 32,9 40,8 NA Poland 19,8 22 21,8 24 31,1 31,4 35,1 38,8 32,1 Portugal 28,2 31,6 31,4 34,6 34,1 36 43,2 48 43,1 Romania NA NA NA 18,4 24,6 27,4 35,3 34,3 35,3 Slovenia NA 13,2 15,4 19,4 20,6 21,3 22 28,2 29,6 Slovakia 22,1 27,6 31,9 42,8 47,4 51,9 57,4 53 50,3 Finland 19,7 19,5 22,5 27,3 27,7 29,6 32,1 34,6 30,4 Sweden 38,1 41,8 43 45,6 50,4 49,4 55,1 60 59,6 U.K 29,4 34,9 29,2 29,3 29,1 38,8 44,4 41,4 38,8 Norway 17,9 19,3 20 19,5 27,6 26 26,4 NA NA Switzerland 34,4 35,2 40,3 44,8 49,6 48 64,5 72,4 NA S UA 12,5 13,3 11,2 11,2 11,7 13,3 12,7 NA NA Japan 1,1 1,3 1,8 1,9 2 2,3 2,3 2,9 NA Source: author`s own selection based on Eurostat database, available at: https://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table, accessed on: 27.01.2010 If we consider the definition of FDI stocks in the acceptance of UNCTAD these are presented at book value or historical cost, reflecting prices at the time when the investment was made. For a large number of economies, FDI stocks are estimated by either cumulating FDI flows over a period of time or adding flows to an FDI stock that has been obtained for a particular year from national official sources or the IMF data series on assets and liabilities of direct investment [8] From this perspective we can see an increase in direct investment stocks both at EU-27 level over the period 2004-2008, from 15.2% share in GDP from 19.4% share in GDP in 2008. This situation of growth can be observed in the case of Japan but with values much more reduced. If in 2000 in the case of Japan these represented only 1.1% in GDP, seven years later this share was 2.9% in GDP, an increase double to the reference year. This can not be saidin the case of the U.S., where direct investment stocks have a fluctuant evolution. Against this background is noted that The convergence of corporate governance models, combined with ICT development, with an increasing activism manifested by the institutional investors and their reference measure regarding the profitability, all these put the large companies in a position to maximize with any price the profitability (dividends and capital gains) of shares held by them. Considerations on the ability to generate future cash flows as well as the nature of partnership highlighted by the european social model were left on the second level. [11] In most developed economies of the EU-27, namely Germany, France and UK we see during the long analysed period signifi cant growth which means that investments made in this period were so well-consolidated that they increased their value through engaging in activities with value added to high. In the case of the last two states that joined EU in 2007 the situation is quite different. If for Bulgaria since 2007 we saw some increase from 92.9% share in GDP to 96.5% in GDP in 2008, to Romania it means a return to pre-integration values (2006) respectively 35 , 3% share in GDP. Analyzing the situation of direct investment stocks we observe, analysing economy as a whole, with few exceptions, an increase of this indicatorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s value. The causes may be diverse but reflect the economic situation conducive to the development for the period analyzed. In this context the situation intra-EU direct investment reported by EU member states provide an integrative picture on the amplitude of this phenomenon. Each economy is closely linked, interdependencies manifesting deeply both at macroeocnomi c level but especially at the micro level, where FDI contributes to strengthening the business relations and the transfer of knowledge and technology. The level of investments made in each national economy and the member states within the EU economic space reflects the importance of this type and level of investment for mobilizing financial resources for economic exploitation. In Serbia FDI in the previous decade has reached US$ 17 billion, which was sufficient to boost the economic activity. Highest investments were in the financial sector, accounting to over US$ 5 billion. This sector which was characterized by low capitalization and weak profitability in the past has due to foreign capital become sector with very high growth rate. The influence of foreign capital to Serbian financial sector was twofold.[8] Evolution is presented in Table 3 Intra-EU direct investment reported by EU Member States, Financial account, Direct investment, in there porting economy for the period 2 001-2008. Table no.3 Intra-EU direct investment reported by EU Member State ; Financial account, Direct investment, in there porting economy million ECU/EUR  2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 EU-25 403192 360059 232872 179579 453514 483779 604802 350216 Bulgaria NA NA 1499 2284 2345 5197 7337 5639 Czech Rep. NA 8460 812 3231 8937 3896 5996 6311 Denmark 7169 4136 -599 NA 6546 3925 4639 3667 Germany 19359 46518 18971 -3372 33476 22013 30327 5454 Estonia 488 259 707 591 2252 1407 2001 1072 Ireland NA 14426 21455 NA -16769 -590 359 1263 Spain 26989 23444 15706 NA 18185 19882 47170 42088 France 53434 39899 27009 24590 54782 41121 59360 46166 Italy 13100 12155 13276 1337 14187 28404 27911 11178 Cyprus 463 452 590 579 526 487 1019 1185 Latvia 75 169 150 353 365 978 1477 682 Hungary 3159 203 4 2577 2067 5909 5015 2763 3739 Austria 5681 -264 4062 5574 7427 6895 19002 11151 Poland 5857 4236 3238 9661 6735 13637 14243 9676 Portugal 6716 1669 366 -643 4074 5959 2342 1107 Romania NA NA NA NA 5324 8454 6540 8502 Slovenia NA 595 321 473 629 499 1085 1091 Slovakia NA NA 1744 2532 1648 3255 2030 2503 Finland NA 7884 2165 2209 3690 5622 8176 -3839 Sweden NA NA 2078 -32 7334 13337 15100 28433 U.K 28155 25000 7945 NA 103878 69966 57498 27582 Source: author`s own selection based on Eurostat database, available at: https://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table, accessed on: 27.01.2010 Investment flows that occurred outside the community space have reflected the strength of economic ties with other states that benefit from t his transfer of resources. Knowing that they represent over 10% in the company capital or voting rights we see the interes in promoting and acquiring production capacity with significant economic impact. If in the period 2005-2007 we saw a growth of FDI flows within the community space, the year 2008 brings a reduction in these flows, below those of 2002. The investment relations generated by FDI at community level enhance the process of interdependence of community economies, especially that for the old member states like Germany, France, UK, the flows registered massive drops, especially as they represented exporters of financial resources for the transition and emerging economies. In terms of FDI flows, at least for Romania, as an example of an economy new entrant in the community economic space, in the year 2008, according to BNR data there were 9.496 billion euros, mostly oriented towards economic objectives that have been designed for the privatization process as well as fo r the initiation of new economic objectives like car production capacity at Pitesti or mobile phones in Cluj-Napoca. So in this context, Net participations of the direct foreign investors to the social capital of foreign direct investment enterprises in Romania amounting to 4.873 billion euros (51.3% of the net flow of ISD). These resulted from the reducing of the participations worth 5.265 billion euros with a net loss, amounting to 392 million euros. The net loss resulted from the decrease in net profit of foreign direct investment enterprises in 2008, worth 6.412 billion euros, with 2.696 billion euros in dividends distributed in 2008 and with foreign direct investment enterprises losses in 2008 amounting to 4.108 billion euros. [12] Opening economies and accepting a high degree of penetration of FDI flows made possible the development of economic sectors, which until yesterday were doomed to decay due to the rising need for capital. Revitalization of these sectors able to gen erate profits at the expense of FDI has contributed to diversification but generating added value and growth and diversification of portfolio risk. At the end, we may say that quality of operations of Serbian financial institutions is growing, that assets values are rapidly increasing, and that all companies, regardless weather it is domestic or foreign owned are equally profitable. It is certain that this sector is ready to become core of Serbian economy, and a boost for increased FDI in the second stage of transition.[] Regarding the other component, namely The net credit received by firms with foreign direct investment from the foreign direct investors included in the group, amounting to 4.623 billion euros, representing 48.7% of net flow of ISD.[12] This situation defines the degree of atractability for foreign investors that the economy shows, especially because of some factors that accentuate their competitivity degree like very cheap labor force and highly qualified but also the strategic position that this economy has in the community space. The following table gives an overview of direct investment flows as% of GDP, made by the member states of EU. Table no.4 Direct investment flows as % of GDP; Financial account, Direct investment, Abroad (% of GDP)  2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 EU-25 NA 3,2 1,4 1,4 1,4 2,2 2,8 4,4 2,9 Belgium NA NA 4,9 12,3 9,4 8,7 12,7 23,1 23,9 Bulgaria 0 0,1 0,2 0,1 -0,8 1,1 0,6 0,7 1,4 Czech Rep. 0,1 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,9 -0 1 0,9 0,9 Denmark 17,8 7,9 3,6 -0,3 NA 6,3 3 6,6 4,1 Germany 3 2,1 0,9 0,2 0,7 2,7 4,4 5,4 4,3 Estonia 1,1 3,2 1,8 1,6 2,2 5 6,7 8,1 4,5 Ireland 4,8 3,9 6,9 3,5 9,8 7,1 6,9 8,1 5,1 Spain 10 5,4 4,8 3,2 5,8 3,7 8,4 9,6 5 France 13,2 6,9 3,5 3 2,8 5,4 4,9 6,5 7 Italy 1,1 1,9 1,4 0,6 1,1 2,4 2,3 4,3 1,9 Latvia 0,1 0,2 0 0,4 0,8 0,8 0,9 1,3 0,7 Lithuania 0 0,1 0,1 0,2 1,2 1,3 1 1,5 0,7 Hungary 1,2 0,7 0,4 2 1,1 2 3,4 2,6 0,5 Austria 3 1,6 2,8 2,8 2,9 3,8 4,3 10,5 7,1 Poland 0 -0 0,1 0,1 0,4 1,1 2,6 1,3 0,5 Portugal 7,2 5,4 -0,1 4,2 4,2 1,1 3,7 2,5 0,9 Romania -0 -0 0 NA NA -0.2 0,3 0,2 0,1 Slovenia NA 1,3 0,8 1,8 1,4 1,9 2,4 4,1 2,5 Slovakia 0,1 0,3 0 0,7 -0,1 0,3 0,9 0,8 0,3 Finland 19,7 6,7 5,4 -1,4 -0,6 2,2 2,3 2,9 1,2 Sweden 13 2,8 NA 6,8 5,1 7,3 6 8,1 5,8 U.K 15,8 4 3,1 3,3 4,1 3,5 3,5 11,4 5,9 Turkey NA NA 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 NA Norway 5,1 0,1 2,3 2 1,8 7 5,5 3,2 NA Switzerland 17,9 7,2 2,9 4,8 7,2 13,7 19,4 11,4 NA U.S.A 1,4 1,2 1,3 1,2 2,2 -0,2 1,6 NA NA Japan 0,7 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,7 1 1,2 1,7 NA Source: author`s own selection based on Eurostat database, available at: https://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table, accessed on: 27.01.2010 In this context we can see that the community space was an important source of investment for emergent countries in particular. They have targeted primarily the purchase of economic objectives or develop new ones. FDI is an instrument to achieve economic potential. In this context, according to numerous research carried out, it is considered that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾A very large number of foreign firms combined with relatively business friendly environment may explain uniqueness of Romania in terms of the existence of very significant knowledge spillovers to domestic firms, as an econometric study of CEEC-8 (excluding Latvia and Lithuania) has shown. Finally yet importantly, the share of FDI in total capital formation together with the length o f a period offers some insights as to their relative weight in the economy. The average share of FDI in Gross Domestic Investment of around 20% in the 1997-01 period suggests a significant presence of foreign firms. With around one-fifth of domestic investment carried out by foreign firms, the associated influx of management skills and technology has already had a beneficial effect on the entire economy.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? [1, p.15] Conclusions As we have seen FDI is an essential component in the economic development, thus creating a proper environment to achieve this point is an object of profound significance for each economy separately. FDI directs the necessary financial funds to those areas that can generate high VAB, implicitly identifying those economic areas with high potential. We must accept however that the promotion of FDI absorption brings some risks, the investor can always choose to leave the country, giving away his investment. The analysis made at the level of the community space, reveals the fact that FDI represented fundamental economic levers to promote economic growth, especially for those countries that joined the EU in the second wave. Massive transformations that have taken place in the community economy had an impact on the flows of FDI. Through FDI, capital was aimed at those companies able to carry on business profit activities, often engaging with themselves a technological transfer contribu ting to sustenable development as a whole.

Western Civilization And Its Impact On Modern Society

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Compare and Contrast Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay Example For Students

Compare and Contrast Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay Macbeth is one of Shakespeares darkest and most tragic works. Known as one his last four great tragedies, this play has been read and performed throughout the English-speaking world. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, although their characters may seem similar, they are in fact different in many aspects. The once noble Macbeth, as he was known before he walked down the dark path, was in the end a cold, heartless murderer who neither deserved nor desired life. Lady Macbeth did influence her husband, though her evil persona was greater even than Macbeth, near her end she did show some redeeming traits. Through ambition, action and subsequent destruction, this essay will prove their difference. Both Macbeths and Lady Macbeths ambitions were great. However each had their own limits and beginnings. Macbeths ambition, while one of his fatal flaws as a tragic character, did receive a slow start. During the first couple acts his dependence on Lady Macbeth and her ability to motivate him was great. The lady comments here that her husband is too weak to strive for the crown. yet do I fear thy nature It is too full o the milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way. Thou wouldst be great, Art not with ambition(Act 1, Scene 5, Lines 16-19) Nevertheless, after becoming king, his ambition takes on a life of its own as he struggles to keep his power. Once this point had been reached, everything he sees as a threat, he removes. Lady Macbeth on the other hand had an iron will and a steadfast drive to begin with. She was the dominant one within the couple for much of the beginning. Once again however, with the attainment of the crown there is a change; her ambition for more slowly dies as she is satisfied with her accomplishments. But she suspects and believes that Macbeth maybe doing more than is necessary to keep the crown. MacbethAnd make our faces Vizards to our hearts, Disguising what they are. Lady MacbethYou must leave this(Act 3, Scene 2, Lines 33-35) She is attempting to deter him from committing anymore unnecessary evils. Her ambition for more is now gone and in its place seems to be a desire for peace. Their actions also contribute much to the definition of their character, as do their thoughts. Macbeth had a huge hand to play in all three of the great crimes in the play. The first, being the murder of Duncan, was committed with the poisonous influence of his lady. Macbeths guilt and regret is evident after the killing. To know my deed, twere best not know myself. Wake Duncan with thy knocking! I would thou couldst! (Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 73-74) Even so, his conscience does not stand in the way of the last two crimes, the killing of Banquo and the slaughter at Macduffs castle. The murders are ordered with a cold heart; his ruthlessness is now clear and so are his enemies. Lady Macbeth was the leading player during Duncans murder. Her staunchness to the dreadful deed was overwhelming. She accused Macbeth of cowardice and faithlessness when he doubted their success. Art thou afeard To be the same in thine own act and valour As thou in desire Wouldst thou have that Which thou esteemst the ornament of life, And live a coward in thine own esteem(Act 1, Scene 7, Lines 39-43) Yet Lady Macbeth seems to have a change in character as the play progresses. Her once evil thoughts are replaced by thoughts of entertaining her guests at the banquet. She has no part in Banquo or Lady Macduffs assassinations. During her last scene while in her sleep walk she says, no more o that, my lord, no more o that. (V. i. 43-45) .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b , .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b .postImageUrl , .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b , .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b:hover , .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b:visited , .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b:active { border:0!important; } .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b:active , .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaa966cf4d2ed857e977bd5df3460595b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Quincy Morris and Van Helsing in the Crew of Light EssayBoth Macbeth and his lady faced the same fate of death, but how it came and how it was administered are different. In the final scene we see Macbeth as what can be described as a man fighting out of desperation. Nonetheless, there is no doubt the courage he demonstrates is as real as his expected death. He has relinquished his trust in the witches and now he fights against his destiny. Though his ruthlessness, brutality and cold heartedness was evident almost straight to the end, one cannot but admire his stubborn spirit during the last scene. For a man who desires death and the peace that comes with it, his unspoken final wish still is to die as a warrior in battle. Lady Macbeth died a different death. Her last scene in the play displays a shadow of the woman she once was. Constantly fighting her own demons, she has become weak and vulnerable. Her guilt and overwhelming regret for what she has done and what her husband has become is now her bane. Out damned spot! Out I say! One: two: Why then tis time to dot: hell is murky. Fie my lord, Fie, a soldier, and afeard What need we fear who Knows it, when none can call our power to account (Act 5, Scene 1, Lines 35-39) She has soiled herself in blood and not even all the perfumes of Arabia will sweeten this little hand. (V. i. 51) She is in a pitiful state and even though one knows the evils she has committed, one will still feel sorry for her. One can only hope that her self-inflicted death will free her of the nightmares that replay continuously in her sleep. Here one clearly sees the differences in character that are exhibited. The essay plainly illustrates the different states they were in before death, during the crimes and the reasoning behind their ambitions. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth may seem similar but what is presented here clearly sets the differences they exhibit through ambition, action and subsequent destruction. However one thing in common they do share is a premature death, though it was not wholly unexpected. Macbeths silent wish of a tragic death of a warrior bathed in his own blood gives Macbeth some credibility that he was once a noble thane. And Lady Macbeth, the iron lady in the opening act who receded into a shattered and pitiful shadow of her former self invokes much emotion; her suicide is a final message that none should endure such suffering however evil.

Creative Writing-Essay Topics - How to Choose Good Essay Topics

Creative Writing-Essay Topics - How to Choose Good Essay TopicsWhen you are trying to create an effective essay, it is important that you choose essay topics that have value and have some value to a reader. Therefore, you should not pick the types of topics that will be boring or uninteresting.You should have a wide range of essay topics on which to base your essay. If you do not make this very easy for yourself, then you will be constantly rewriting the same essays over again, and the effort will not be worth it.One problem with students who think that they can just use any topic that they are given is that they often do not have enough time to properly research the topic. If you do not have enough time to research, then you might as well not even be in school. Instead, spend the time doing the proper research so that you can be successful in your writing.The quality of creative writing and essay topics will depend on the type of essay that you are working on. There are certain type s of topics that more or less appeal to people who read essays on the Internet.The students who are reading these essays are all more likely to be interested in what is written in the essay. You do not want to be on the topic of the essay so you cannot read it, but you also do not want to be on the topic that everyone else is on.Will you be able to pull off the writing style that is expected of you? Make sure that you research the topics that you are going to be writing about before you get started.The first thing that you need to do is learn about the topic that you are writing about, so that you know how to approach the topic in the best way possible. Next, you need to find an essay topic that is interesting.After you have learned about the topic that you will be working on, you will have the knowledge to know how to write for this type of audience. It is important that you are able to be effective in your writing because many people will be reading your essay.